Rolls Royce smoking exhaust Where to find car parts?
In every car, even the most reliable, comes in the end time for the replacement of some parts. There is nothing surprising in this. Brake pads wear out during operation, as well as other elements of the mechanism. In this case, it is extremely important to select the appropriate part of the vehicle. Some decide to genuine products, others choose replacements, most important, however, it is quality. Certainly not worth saving for something that can give us security - even if we spend less on pads or brake discs, this is certainly more important to our health, which often depends on the efficiency of the car. The best solution is to consult an experienced mechanic who can help choose the best in our situation auto parts.
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Obecnie w niemal każdym domu znajduje się co najmniej jeden samochód. Ponieważ auto można kupić w stosunkowo niewielkiej cenie, coraz więcej osób decyduje się na własny pojazd. Zapewnia to niezależność i wygodę, ale również niesie ze sobą konieczność serwisowania samochodu. Dlatego też warsztaty naprawcze cieszą się tak dużym zainteresowaniem i mogą stać się dobrym źródłem zarobku. Aby jednak było to możliwe, konieczne jest wypracowanie sobie dobrej opinii wśród zadowolonych klientów. W takich przypadkach najlepiej działa poczta pantoflowa ? jeśli rzetelnie wykonamy swoją usługę, właściciel naprawionego auta z pewnością poleci nas znajomym. Dlatego też najważniejszą kwestią w prowadzeniu własnego warsztatu samochodowego jest oferowanie usług na najwyższym poziomie.
Properties of oil
Most motor oils are made from a heavier, thicker petroleum hydrocarbon base stock derived from crude oil, with additives to improve certain properties. The bulk of a typical motor oil consists of hydrocarbons with between 18 and 34 carbon atoms per molecule.7 One of the most important properties of motor oil in maintaining a lubricating film between moving parts is its viscosity. The viscosity of a liquid can be thought of as its "thickness" or a measure of its resistance to flow. The viscosity must be high enough to maintain a lubricating film, but low enough that the oil can flow around the engine parts under all conditions. The viscosity index is a measure of how much the oil's viscosity changes as temperature changes. A higher viscosity index indicates the viscosity changes less with temperature than a lower viscosity index.
Motor oil must be able to flow adequately at the lowest temperature it is expected to experience in order to minimize metal to metal contact between moving parts upon starting up the engine. The pour point defined first this property of motor oil, as defined by ASTM D97 as "... an index of the lowest temperature of its utility ..." for a given application,8 but the "cold cranking simulator" (CCS, see ASTM D5293-08) and "Mini-Rotary Viscometer" (MRV, see ASTM D3829-02(2007), ASTM D4684-08) are today the properties required in motor oil specs and define the SAE classifications.
Oil is largely composed of hydrocarbons which can burn if ignited. Still another important property of motor oil is its flash point, the lowest temperature at which the oil gives off vapors which can ignite. It is dangerous for the oil in a motor to ignite and burn, so a high flash point is desirable. At a petroleum refinery, fractional distillation separates a motor oil fraction from other crude oil fractions, removing the more volatile components, and therefore increasing the oil's flash point (reducing its tendency to burn).
Another manipulated property of motor oil is its Total base number (TBN), which is a measurement of the reserve alkalinity of an oil, meaning its ability to neutralize acids. The resulting quantity is determined as mg KOH/ (gram of lubricant). Analogously, Total acid number (TAN) is the measure of a lubricant's acidity. Other tests include zinc, phosphorus, or sulfur content, and testing for excessive foaming.
The NOACK volatility (ASTM D-5800) Test determines the physical evaporation loss of lubricants in high temperature service. A maximum of 14% evaporation loss is allowable to meet API SL and ILSAC GF-3 specifications. Some automotive OEM oil specifications require lower than 10%.
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil